programming cost

This article concerns the shadow cost concept and discusses the relationship between shadow cost and dual price according to linear programming's economic meaning of dual variable and shadow price.

摘要本文根据线性规划问题对偶变数和影子价格的经济意义，给出了影子成本的概念，讨论了影子成本与对偶价格的关系。

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Studying on concrete operation technology of genetic algorithm, basic ant colony optimization algorithm and basic particle swarm optimization in solving order picking path optimization problem, and programming with Matlab to work out the minimum time cost and optimized route. 3.

研究了遗传算法、基本蚁群算法和基本粒子群算法解决拣选作业路径优化问题的具体实现技术，利用Matlab软件分别编程求解拣选作业的最小时间代价及优化路径。

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A mathematical model of dual-objective programming was developed, in which a number of thermal parameters of exhaust gas boiler-turbogenerator system were taken as design variables and investment cost and net electrical power output of the system were taken as two objective ejections.

在建立的多目标优化模型中，将余热锅炉&汽轮发电机组的主要热力参数作为设计变量，选取系统造价和输出电功率作为两个目标函数。

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The linear programming model was established by the manner of converting sintering costs of various sinters to a certain sinter ′ s comparable cost.

将不同品位的烧结矿成本按某一品位折算为可比成本，建立了线性规划模型。

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We describe in some detail a concrete connection scheme and the programming flow process of a photoelectric tape reader with an IBM-PC microcomputer. We also introduce a block diagram of the system with the aim to make the cost minimum.

本文详细阐述了光电读入机与IBM&PC微型计算机的具体连接方式和程控流程，并以最少投资的目的介绍了系统组成框图。

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Combined with goal programming and genetic algorithm design of minimum total cost of fuel inventory model and the monthly change in coal prices as known, solve the multi-supply point of coal corresponding to the purchasing volumes, purchasing batches and the arrival time inventory control.

再结合目标规划和遗传算法设计燃料库存总费用最小模型，把每个月变动的煤炭价格作为已知，来求解对应多供应点的煤炭的采购量、采购批次和到货时间等库存控制问题。

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The reliability allocation of dynamic programming restricted by the cost is studied.

研究了成本约束条件下的动态规划可靠性分配方法.

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An integer programming model including a computation rule for the joint decision problem is proposed with the objective of minimizing the total tardiness penalty cost.

研究了单元构建和调度的联合决策问题，以最小化单元制造系统的总拖期费用为目标，建立了嵌入计算规则的整数规划模型。

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A nonlinear 0-1 programming model is established for organizing through freight trains in consideration of cost parameters and the rationality and feasibility of optimizing the direct train service.

在分析组织装车地直达列车的可能性、合理性及费用参数选择的基础上，构建了装车地直达列车开行方案非线性0-1规划模型。

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In the pro c programming, the host language designer must write a pro c program to satisfy the demands. So this increases the unnecessary cost such as maintenance, complexity and so on.

在pro c程序的设计中，每个主语言的设计者都编写一个符合自身要求的pro c程序，这就增加了程序的维护性等不必要的代价。

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